Meet Peterpeter

Name: Peter Armstrong
Research interest: Water and Environmental Engineering
Email: parmstrong@masdar.ac.ae

Research Summary

Estimates of  daily electrical cooling load for a city of 800,000 are developed based on the relationship between weather variables and daily – average electricity consumption over 1 year. The relationships found to be nearly linear above a threshold temperature. Temperature and humidity were found to be the largest, at 59%, and second largest, at 21%, contributors to electrical cooling load. Direct normal irradiation  intercepted by a vertical cylinder, DNI sin  θ, was found to be a useful explanatory variable when modeling aggregates of buildings without a known or dominant orientation. The best study case model used DNI sin θ, and diffuse horizontal irradiation (DHI) as distinct explanatory variables with annual electrical cooling load contributions of 9% and 11% respectively. Although the seasonal variation in electrical cooling load is large – on peak summer days more than 1.5 times the winter base load – the combined direct and diffuse solar contribution is essentially flat through the year, a condition at odds with the common assumption that solar cooling always provides a good match between supply and demand. The final model gives an electrical cooling load estimate forAbu Dhabi Island that corresponds to 40% of the total annual electrical load and 61% on the peak day.

Peter’s Work

Peter_03The beam down Peter_05Predicted electrical load from linear-growth model 7 versus ADWEC data (data set A).
Peter_10

Selected Publications

(Further details on Peter’s ResearchGate profile page)

Gayeski, N.T., P.R. Armstrong and L.K. Norford, 2011. Empirical modeling of a rolling-piston compressor heat pump for predictive control in low-lift cooling.  ASHRAE Transactions.

Gayeski, N.T., P.R. Armstrong and L.K. Norford, 2011. Predictive pre-cooling of thermo-active building systems with low-lift chillers.  Part I: control algorithm, International J. HVAC&R Research, special issue on optimization.

Gayeski, N.T., P.R. Armstrong and L.K. Norford, 2011. Predictive pre-cooling of thermo-active building systems with low-lift chillers.  Part II: experiment, International J. HVAC&R Research, special issue on optimization.

Zakula, T., N.T. Gayeski, P.R. Armstrong and L.K. Norford, 2011. Variable-speed heat pump model for a wide range of cooling conditions and load, (in review) ASHRAE Transactions

A. Qadir and P.R. Armstrong, Liquid-air transpired solar collector: model development and sensitivity analysis, (in review) ASME J Solar Energy Engineering

 

Journals, Transactions, Invited and Peer-reviewed Conference Papers

Ali, M.T., M.M. Mokhtar, M. Chiesa, P.R. Armstrong, 2011, A cooling change-point model of community-aggregate electrical load, Energy and Buildings, 43(1):28-37

Mokhtar, M.M., M.T. Ali, S. Bräuniger, A. Afshari, S. Sgouridis, P.R. Armstrong and M. Chiesa., Comprehensive techno-economic assessment of solar cooling technologies using location-specific climate data, Applied Energy 87(12):3766-3778

Laughman, C.R., S.R. Shaw, S.B. Leeb, L.K. Norford and P.R. Armstrong, 2009, A Two-step method for estimating the parameters of induction machine models, EC-1870, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition

Armstrong, P.R., S. Katipamula, W. Jiang, D. Winiarski, L.K. Norford, and R.A. Willingham. 2009. Efficient low-lift cooling with radiant distribution, thermal storage and variable-speed chiller controls, Part I: Component and subsystem models, International J. HVAC&R Research, 15(2):366-400

{mooblock=Click here to read more…}

Armstrong, P.R., S. Katipamula, W. Jiang, D. Winiarski, and L.K. Norford. 2009. Efficient low-lift cooling with radiant distribution, thermal storage and variable-speed chiller controls, Part II: Annual energy use and savings, International J. HVAC&R Research, 15(2):402-432

Laughman, C.R., P.R. Armstrong, S.B. Leeb, L.K. Norford. Electrical and mechanical methods for detecting liquid slugging in reciprocating compressors, 20th International Compressor Engineering Conf. at Purdue, 2008

Armstrong, P.R., C.R. Laughman, S.B. Leeb, L.K. Norford. Detection of rooftop cooling unit faults based on electrical measurements, International J. HVAC&R Research 2006

Chassin, D.P., P.R. Armstrong, D.G. Chavarría-Miranda, and R.T. Guttromson. Gauss-Seidel accelerated: implementing flow solvers on field programmable gate arrays, IEEE PES, 2006.

Armstrong, P.R., L.K. Norford, S.B. Leeb. Control with building mass—Part I: Thermal response model identification, ASHRAE Transactions, 112(1). 2006

Armstrong, P.R., L.K. Norford, S.B. Leeb. Control with building mass—Part II: Simulation, ASHRAE Transactions, 112(1). 2006

Laughman, C.R., P.R. Armstrong, L.K. Norford, S.B. Leeb. Detection of liquid slugging phenomena in reciprocating compressors via power measurements, 18th International Compressor Engineering Conf. at Purdue, 2006

Armstrong P.R. and G.P. Sullivan. Assessment of Packaged PEM Fuel Cell CHP Systems. Invited Paper, Cogeneration and DG Journal, 21(2) 25-46. 2006. (See PNNL-SA-46044)

Lee, K.D., S.B. Leeb, L.K. Norford, P.R. Armstrong, J.W. Holloway, S.R. Shaw. Estimation of variable-speed-drive power consumption from higher harmonic content, IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 20(3): 566-574. 2005.

Armstrong, P.R., C.R. Laughman , S.B. Leeb , L.K. Norford. Fault detection based on motor start transients and shaft harmonics measured at the RTU electrical service, 10th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue, July 12-15, 2004

Laughman, C.R., et al. Power signature analysis, IEEE Power and Energy, 1(2):56-63, 2003.

Armstrong, P.R., D.L. Hadley, R.D. Stenner, M.C. Janus. Whole-building airflow network char­acterization by a many-pressure-states (MPS) technique, ASHRAE Transactions, 107(2), 2001

Armstrong, P.R., J.A. Dirks, R.W. Reilly, J.W. Currie, R.J. Nesse, B. Nekrasov, O.V. Komarov. Russian apartment building thermal response models for retrofit selection and verification, 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

Katipamula, S., P.R. Armstrong, M.R. Brambley, D.P. Chassin and R.G. Pratt. Building Controls and Facilities Management in 21st Century, 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

Armstrong, P.R., J.A. Dirks, L.A. Klevgard, Y. Matrosov, J. Olkinaru, D. Saum. Infiltration and ventilation in Russian multi-family buildings, 1996 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

Dirks, J.A., R.W. Reilly, J.W. Currie, R. Dahowski, and P.R. Armstrong, Building Energy Analysis and Retrofit Selection for Russian Multi-Family Housing, 1996 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

Armstrong, P.R., S. Katipamula, and D.R. Conover, New Technology Field Evaluation of Gas-Engine-Driven Rooftop Air-Conditioning Equipment at the Willow Grove (PA) Naval Air Station, 1994 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings (see also Reports: Armstrong and Katipamula, 1996).

Armstrong, P.R., C.E. Hancock and J.E. Seem. Commercial building temperature recovery–Part I: Design procedure based on a step-response model, ASHRAE Transactions, 98(1) 1992

Armstrong, P.R., C.E. Hancock and J.E. Seem. Commercial building temperature recovery–Part II: Experimental verification of the step response model, ASHRAE Transactions, 98(1) 1992

Seem, J.E., P.R. Armstrong and C.E. Hancock. Algorithms for predicting recovery time from night setback, ASHRAE Transactions, 95(1) 1989

Bechtel, T.N. and P.R. Armstrong. Room air stratification model for TRNSYS, Proceedings of the American Section, International Solar Energy Society. Boston, 1988.

Armstrong, P.R. and P.D. Heerman. Microprocessor-based hot-wire anemometry system for measuring air movement within the CSU Solar thermal test facility, First National Conference on Microcomputer Applications for Conservation and Renewable Energy, 1985.

Armstrong, P.R., Analysis of Building Dynamics in the Frequency Domain, Invited Paper, SERI Workshop on Frequency Analysis Methods (January 1985) Golden, CO.

Chapin, F.W., H.D. Chapin and P.R. Armstrong, A waste water heat exchanger for laundromats-technical and behavioral considerations, J. heat recovery syst., vol. 4, no2, pp. 93-100, 1984.

Burns, P.J., P.R. Armstrong and C.B. Winn, Summertime Test Results from the REPEAT Facility, ASME Solar Energy Division Sixth Annual Technical Conference, 8-12 April 1984, Las Vegas, NV.

Burns, P.J., P.R. Armstrong, C.B. Winn, Passive Solar/Gas Fired Heating System Characterization and Development, ASES Passive Division Conference, September 1983, Santa Fe, NM.

Winn, C.B. and P.R. Armstrong, Solar Heating and Cooling Control Subsystems, commissioned survey paper, National Bureau of Standards Workshop on Controls, 12 Aug 1983; also appears as Appendix B of Research Priorities for Improving the Effectiveness of Active Solar Hot Water and Space Conditioning Systems, by Robert D. Dikkers, et al, NBSIR 84-2980, 1984 Gaithersburg, MD.

Armstrong, P.R.. Instrumentation of solar heating and cooling systems at CSU, invited paper, Second Annual Workshop on Performance Monitoring, Florida Solar Energy Center, 1983

Cox, Michael and P.R. Armstrong. A statistical model for the incidence of large hail on solar collectors, Solar Energy, Vol. 26, No. 2 (1981) Oxford, U.K.

Bechtel, T.N., P.R. Armstrong, et. al., A Pin-Programmable Controller for Research Systems, Proc. International Solar Energy Society Conf., May 1979, Atlanta, GA.

Armstrong, P.R., and T.N. Bechtel, An integrated discrete-state controller module for TRNSYS, ASME Systems Simulation and Economic Analysis Conference, 1978

Armstrong, P.R. Extension of the Hottel-Whillier model to multi-stage collector systems, Proceedings of the American Section, International Solar Energy Society, Denver, 1978.

Karaki, S., G.O.G. Lof and P.R. Armstrong, Space Heating with Solar All-Air Systems–CSU Solar House II, Proceedings International Solar Energy Society Conference, Jan 1978, New Delhi.

Bechtel, T.; Armstrong, P.; Karaki, S., Instrumentation and performance analysis of Solar  House II, Proc. U.S. Section, International Solar Energy Society Conference , June 1977, Orlando, FL.

Armstrong, P.R., Intermediate-Level-of-Rigor Method for Solar Heating System Performance Prediction, Proc. U.S. Section, International Solar Energy Society Conference , June 1977, Orlando, FL.

Armstrong, P.R. Optimization of solar heating systems, Colorado Engineer, 71(2) 1975.

Conference Papers and Presentations

A. Qadir and P.R. Armstrong, Hybrid liquid-air transpired solar collector: model development and sensitivity analysis, ASME IMECE2010-40571 Vancouver, November 2010

Mokhtar M., I. Rubalcaba, S. Meyers, A. Qadir, P.R. Armstrong and M. Chiesa: Heliostat field efficiency test of beam-down CSP pilot plant: experimental results, SolarPACES 2010 Conference

Meyers S., A. Qadir, I. Rubalcaba, M. Mokhtar, M. Chiesa, and P. Armstrong: “Development of a correlation between luminous intensity and solar flux for the beam-down tower configuration. SolarPACES 2010 Conference

Mokhtar, M., M.T. Ali, P.R. Armstrong and M. Chiesa, “Solar cooling in Abu Dhabi: prospects and challenges,” Int’l Conf. Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications, Al Ain, UAE, March 2010

Rubalcaba I., S. Meyers, A. Qadir, M. Mokhtar, S. Mirzaie, P. Armstrong and M. Chiesa: Modeling a PCM storage unit for solar thermal cooling in the Masdar City, SolarPACES 2010 Conference

S. Katipamula, P.R. Armstrong, W. Wang, N. Fernandez, H. Cho, Efficient low-lift cooling with radiant distribution, thermal storage and variable-speed chiller controls, CLIMA 2010, May 10th, 2010, Antalya, Turkey

Armstrong, P.R., Advanced cooling strategies with focus on active core cooling and optimal model-based predictive control, Uponor Technology Seminar, Hamburg, DE. May 2010.

Chiesa, M., Y. Tamaura and P.R. Armstrong , Concentrated Solar Power Deployment in the UAE: Research Needs, Int’l Conf. Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications, Al Ain, UAE, March 2010.

Ali, M.T., M. Mokhtar, M. Chiesa, P.R. Armstrong, Analysis of weather sensitivity to electrical demand in Abu Dhabi Island,  Int’l Conf. Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications, Al Ain, UAE, March 2010

Friedrich, M. and P. R. Armstrong, Demonstration of a 30 kW Microturbine with Heat Recovery in a 500-Soldier Barracks, PNNL-SA-42339, ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Chicago, 2004.

Stenner, R.D., D.L. Hadley, P.R. Armstrong, J.W. Buck, B.L. Hoopes, G.M. Gelston, and M.C. Janus. Indoor Air (Complex Building) Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Health Modeling and Assessment System (IA-NBC-HMAS), Risk Analysis (Society for Risk Analysis) 2001

Armstrong, P.R., E.E. Richman, D.R. Dixon, and S. Rowley, Large-Scale DSM Verification at Fort Drum, New York, ASHRAE Annual Meeting, San Diego, June 1995.

Armstrong, P.R., E.E. Richman, D.R. Dixon, and S. Rowley, DSM Implementation and Verification at Fort Drum, New York, World Energy Engineering Conference, PNL-SA-23961, December 1994.

Armstrong, P.R., and D.R. Conover, Field Evaluation of Gas Engine-Driven Rooftop Air-Conditioning Equipment at the Willow Grove (PA) Naval Air Station, EPA 1994 Energy & Environmental Management Conf., PNL-SA-23880, March 1994.

C. B. Winn, A. Kirkpatrick, and F. de Winter, A Gas-Fired Heat Pipe Zone Heater for Passive Solar Buildings, Proceedings of the 8th National Passive Solar Conference, ASES, Santa Fe, NM, 1983.

Armstrong, P.R., and T.N. Bechtel, An Integrated Discrete-State Controller Module for TRNSYS. ASME Systems Simulation and Economic Analysis for Solar Heating and Cooling Conference, June 1978, San Diego, CA.

Karaki, S. and P.R. Armstrong, Experience with Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, and Monitoring Systems for an Air Heating Solar System, Conference on Performance Monitoring Techniques for Evaluation of Solar Heating and Cooling Systems , 3-4 April 1978, Washington, D.C.

Karaki, S. and P.R. Armstrong, Air Conditioning by Nocturnal Evaporative Cooling of a Pebble-Bed,. Solar Cooling Conference, 15-17 Feb 1978, San Francisco, CA.

Laboratory Directed R & D Reports

Aardahl, C.L., W.O. Heath, D.L. Lessor, P.R. Armstrong. Ion-Wind Technologies for HVAC Applications, Laboratory Directed R&D Annual Report,, PNNL-13203, March 1999.

Mullin, D.O., P.R. Armstrong. Mesoscopic Pumps and Compressors, Laboratory Directed R&D Annual Report, PNNL-13203, March 1999.

Armstrong, P.R., and M. Friedrich, Off-peak cooling by flash freezing of water, Laboratory Directed R&D Annual Report, PNNL-11525, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, February 1996.

Armstrong, P.R., and M. Friedrich, Off-peak Cooling by Flash Freezing of Water, Phase II Final Report, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, December 1995.

Armstrong, P.R., and M. Friedrich, Off-peak cooling by direct-contact open- and closed-cycle ice making, Laboratory Directed R&D Annual Report, PNNL-10964, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, February 1995.

Armstrong, P.R., and M. Friedrich, Off-peak Cooling by Direct-Contact Open- and Closed-Cycle Ice Making, Phase I Final Report, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, October 1994.

Booklets, Patents, Communications

Hadley D.L. and P.R. Armstrong. Energy Savings from Dual-Source Heat Pump Technology, DOE/EE-0220, U.S. Dept. of Energy Technology Installation Review, 2000.

Armstrong, P.R., Y. Matrosov, and D. Saum, To Russia with Blower Doors, Home Energy 12(5) September 1995.

Armstrong, P.R., D. Hunt, and D.R. Payson, Federal Technology Alert: Liquid Refrigerant Pumping, PNL-10232, November, 1994.

Armstrong, P.R., Heat Measuring Apparatus and Method for its Use in a Continuous Fluid Stream. U.S. Pat. No. 4,362,404, 7 Dec 1982.

Books

Brambley, M.R., P.R. Armstrong, S. Katipamula, M. Kintner-Meyer, R.G. Pratt. Intelligent Buildings, Chapter 5, CRC Handbook of HVAC&R Engineering, Krieder, J (Ed.) CRC Press, 2000.

ASHRAE, Handbook: Systems, Building Operation Dynamics (contributor) Chapter 38 of 1996 edition., Chapter 41 of 2010 edition.

Hunn, Bruce, editor, Engineering Principles and Concepts for Active Solar Systems, Chapter 12 on Instrumentation and Monitoring, SERI/SP-271-2892 (1987) Golden, CO.

Armstrong, P.R., N. Carlisle,,W. Davis, B.D. Hunn,T.A. King, C.F. Kutscher, J.G. Shingleton, T. Swanson, S. Weinstein, and C.B. Winn, C.B.

Theses and MIT ‘H-level’ Term Projects

Armstrong, P.R., Model Identification with Application to Building Control and Fault Detection, PhD Thesis, Building Technology, MIT, 2004 (see 2006 ASHRAE papers)

Armstrong, P.R., Identification of Zone and Building Transient Thermal Response Models, MIT ME 12.864: Inference From Data and Models, 2004

Armstrong, P.R., Pump Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) Based on Electrical Startup Transient, MIT ME 2.141: Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems, 2002 (see also MIT ME OCW)

Armstrong, P.R., How Weather Persistence Affects the Performance of Solar Space Heating Systems, MSME Thesis, Colorado State University, 1980.

Reports

Katipamula, S., P.R. Armstrong, W. Wang, N. Fernandez, H. Cho, W. Goetzler, J. Burgos, R. Radhakrishnan, and C. Ahlfeldt. Development of High-Efficiency Low-Lift Vapor Compression System – Final Report.  PNNL-19227. 2010. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Katipamula, S., P.R. Armstrong, W. Wang, N. Fernandez, H. Cho, W. Goetzler, J. Burgos, R. Radhakrishnan, and C. Ahlfeldt.  Cost-Effective Integration of Efficient Low-Lift Baseload Cooling Equipment: FY08 Final Report.  PNNL-19114. 2010, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Jiang, W., D. Winiarski, S. Katipamula and P.R. Armstrong. Cost-Effective Integration of Efficient Low-Lift -Base Load Cooling Equipment, PNNL-17157, 2007, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Gordon, K.L., P.R. Armstrong, E.E. Richman, G.P. Sullivan, and B.D. Matzke. Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Program Implementation for Energy Savings: Field Evaluation, PNNL-15784, 2006, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Armstrong, P.R. and D.W. Winiarski. Optimal Chilled Water Delta-T, PNNL-16161, 2006, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Armstrong P.R., G.P. Sullivan and G.B. Parker. Field Demonstration of a High-Efficiency Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioning Unit at Fort Gordon, Augusta , GA, PNNL-15746, 2006, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Chassin D.P., P.R. Armstrong, D.G. Chavarria, and R.T. Guttromson. Gauss-Seidel Accelerated: Implementing Flow Solvers on Field Programmable Gate Arrays. PNNL-15435, 2005, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Armstrong P.R. Fault Detection in Rooftop Cooling Equipment by Power Signature Analysis . PNNL-SA-44022, 2005, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Armstrong P.R. and G.P. Sullivan. Assessment of Packaged PEM Fuel Cell CHP Systems . PNNL-SA-46044, also as DOE-EE-0311, 2005, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

Armstrong P.R., D.W. Winiarski, and S. Somasundaram. Preliminary Analysis of Pressure-Independent Flow Control for Cooling Coils: Heat Exchanger, Controller, and Resulting System Performance, TGA PNNL-14417, 2004

Armstrong, P.R. and L.K. Norford, 2003. Analysis and Field Test of Semi-Automated Load Shedding in LA County Test Buildings, Deliverable 3.5.5(a) Report of Field Testing, California Energy Commission Contract 400-99-011.

Friedrich, M., P. R. Armstrong, and D. L. Smith. New Technology Demonstration of a Microturbine with Heat Recovery at Fort Drum, New York, PNNL-14417, September 2003.

Armstrong, P.R. and L.K. Norford, 2002. Field Test of Operator-Initiated Load Shedding in Aggregates of Buildings, Deliverable 3.5.4, Field Test, California Energy Commission Contract 400-99-011.

Stenner, R.D., D.L. Hadley, P.R. Armstrong, J.W. Buck, B.L. Hoopes, and M.C. Janus. Indoor Air Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Health Modeling and Assessment System. PNNL-13435, 2001.

Armstrong, P.R. and L.K. Norford, 2001. Detailed Measurement and Experimental Plans for LA County Test Buildings, Deliverable 3.5.2(a) , Report on Measurement and Experimental Plans, California Energy Commission Contract 400-99-011.

Armstrong, P.R. and M. Kintner-Meyer. Volume, Weight and Energy Requirements of Automotive Air Conditioners with Special Reference to SOFC Waste-Heat Actuated Machines, PNNL Internal Report, October, 2000.

Somasundaram S, Armstrong PR, Belzer DB, Gaines SC, Hadley DL, Smith DL, Katipamula S, and Winiarski DW. Screening Analysis for EPACT-Covered Commercial HVAC and Water-Heating Equipment. PNNL-13232, April 2000.

Armstrong, P.R. and D.P. Chassin. White Paper: Distributed Terminal Heat Pump Concept for Better Comfort Control and HVAC Energy Efficiency, Internal Report, March 2000.

Armstrong, P.R., E.E. Richman, D.R. Dixon. Fort Drum Interior Lighting Retrofit Savings, FORSCOM Electronic Report, May 1998

Armstrong, P.R., J.A. Dirks, R.G. Lucas, B.Y. Nekrasov, D.W. Winiarski, V. Xhromchenkov. Measurement of Thermal Resistance of Apartment Building Walls in Four Russian Cities, report to the Foundation for Enterprise Restructuring and Financial Institutions Development, May 1998

Armstrong, P.R., B.Y. Nekrasov, R.W. Reilly. Equipment Installation Completion Report: EHDP Energy and Water Consumption Metering Equipment, report to the Foundation for Enterprise Restructuring and Financial Institutions Development, April 1998

Armstrong, P.R., D.L. Hadley, J.A. Dirks, R.G. Lucas, R.W. Reilly, D.W. Winiarski. Infiltration and Ventilation Model for EHDP Buildings, report to the Foundation for Enterprise Restructuring and Financial Institutions Development, January 1998

Armstrong, P.R., B.Y. Nekrasov, I. Sultanguzin, Infiltration Leak Characterization by Blower Door Tests, report to the Foundation for Enterprise Restructuring and Financial Institutions Development, November 1997

Reilly, R.W., P.R. Armstrong, and L.A. Klevgard, Post-Retrofit Energy Consumption-Ryazan Demonstration, Enterprise Housing Divestiture Project Report, July 1997

Armstrong, P.R., D.R. Dixon, E.E. Richman and J.R. Schmelzer, Case Study of 1996 Fort Drum Interior Lighting Retrofit Savings, PNNL letter report, June 1997

Armstrong, P.R. and J.R. Schmelzer, Performance and Evaluation of Gas-Engine-Driven Split-System Cooling Equipment at Willow Grove Naval Air Station, FEMP Testbeds Program, PNL-11498, January 1997.

Armstrong, P.R. and S. Katipamula, Performance and Evaluation of Gas-Engine-Driven Rooftop Air-Conditioning Equipment at Willow Grove Naval Air Station, FEMP Testbeds, Final Report PNL-11366, September 1996.

Reilly, R.W., P.R. Armstrong, and L.A. Klevgard, Pre-Retrofit Energy Consumption–Zhukovskij Demonstration, Enterprise Housing Divestiture Project Report, August 1996

Reilly, R.W., P.R. Armstrong, and L.A. Klevgard, Pre-Retrofit Energy Consumption–Ryazan Demonstration, Enterprise Housing Divestiture Project Report, May 1996

Anon. FORSCOM Executive Summary: Energy Savings Verification at Ft. Drum, 1996.

Armstrong, P.R., and J.M. Keller, Energy Use in Two Modular Office Buildings at Ft Irwin, California, PNL-8952, January 1994.

Armstrong, P.R., K.K. Daellenbach, and D.R. Dixon, Fort Drum Integrated Resource Assessment–Volume 1: Executive Summary, PNL-8424, September 1993.

Armstrong, P.R., C.R. Batishko, A.L. Dittmer, D.L. Hadley, and J.L. Stoops, Mobile Energy Laboratory Procedures, PNL-8838, September 1993.

Armstrong, P.R., J.M. Keller and D.R. Dixon, Griffiss AFB Integrated Resource Assessment–Volume 3: Resource Assessment, PNL-8545, March 1993.

Armstrong, P.R. and D.R. Conover, Performance and Evaluation of Gas Engine Driven Rooftop Air-Conditioning Equipment at Willow Grove Naval Air Station, FEMP Testbeds Program, PNL-8677, May 1993.

Armstrong, P.R. and D.R. Conover, Natural Gas Internal Combustion Engine Powered Air-Conditioning at Willow Grove Naval Air Station, FEMP Testbeds Program, Interim Report PNL-8620, February 1993.

Deallenbach, K.K., P.R. Armstrong, D.R. Dixon, Fort Drum Integrated Resource Assessment—Volume 1: Executive Summary, PNL-8424-Vol.1, September 1993.

Armstrong, P.R., J.M. Keller and D.R. Dixon, Griffiss AFB Integrated Resource Assessment–Volume 2: Electric Baseline Detail, PNL-8545, January 1993.

Armstrong, P.R., F.V. Di Massa, J.M. Brodrick, D.R. Dixon, D.B. Elliot, E.E. Richman, S.A. Shankle, G.P. Sullivan, Fort Drum Integrated Resource Assessment–Volume 3: Resource Opportunities, PNL-8424, December 1992.

Deallenbach, K.K., P.R. Armstrong, J.M. Brodrick, D.R. Dixon, E.E. Richman, Fort Drum Integrated Resource Assessment–Volume 2: Baseline Detail, PNL-8424, December 1992.

Marseille, T.J., P.R. Armstrong, et al, Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Desiccant Cooling System Assessment at the Mid-Island Postal Facility, Phase I, PNWD-2131, prepared for NY State ERDA, November 1992.

Armstrong, P.R., G.B. Parker, and E.E. Richman, Assessment of Energy Conservation Opportunities at Ellis Island National Park, PNL-8458/UC-350, June 1992.

Armstrong, P.R. and G.B. Parker, Boiler Efficiency Testing at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, PNL-8121/UC-350, March 1992.

Armstrong, P.R., C.E. Hancock and J.E. Seem, Temperature Recovery in Commercial Buildings, Theory, Experiment and Design Procedure, Final Report, ASHRAE Project 491-RP, March 1991.

Armstrong, P.R., et. al., Environment for Structured Implementation of General and Advanced HVAC Controls, Phase II Final Report, DOE Contract DE-AC02-85EWR80290-A003, January 1989.

Armstrong, P.R., et. al., HVAC Controller and Algorithms for Passive Solar Commercial Buildings, Final Report, DOE Contract DE-AC02-85EWR80290-A000, August 1986).

Armstrong, P.R., P.J. Burns, Allen Kirkpatrick, C. Byron Winn, Passive Solar/Gas Technology Characterization and Development, Final Report, GRI Contract No. 5082-243-0728, 1985.

Armstrong, P.R. and C.B. Winn, Control of Solar Collector Flow Rate at SFBP Site 1576, for Rockwell ETEC/FEMP, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, October 1985.

Winn, C.B., R.C. Winn, C. Bear and P.R. Armstrong, Systems Controls for Solar-Heating and Heat- and Cool-Storage Systems, Final Report, EM-3542, Electric Power Research Institute, May 1984.

Armstrong, P.R., P.J. Burns, A.T. Kirkpatrick and C.B. Winn. 1983. Passive Solar/Gas Technology Characterization and Development. Final Report, GRI 5082 243 0728.

Chapin, H.D., P.R. Armstrong and F.W. Chapin, Development of a Waste-Water Heat Recovery Appliance for Laundromats, Final Report, DOE contract DE-FG48-81R801073, November 1982.

Armstrong, P.R., M. Cox, and F. deWinter. Need for and Evaluation of Hail Protection Devices for Solar Flat-Plate Collectors: Final Report, U.S. Dept. of Energy, ALO/4291-2, March 1980.

Cox, M. and P.R. Armstrong. Statistical Model for Assessing the Risk of Hail Damage to any Ground Installation: Technical Report, U.S. Dept. of Energy, ALO/4291-1, September 1979.

{/mooblock}